प्रोग्राम की सुविधाएँ · क्रमिक CRC-32 चेकसम

from zlib import crc32

def checksum_chunks(chunks):
    value = 0
    for chunk in chunks:
        if not isinstance(chunk, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
            raise ValueError("crc.bytes")
        value = crc32(chunk, value)
    return value & 0xffffffff
# CRC-32 is a checksum, not authentication or encryption.